In the latest part that also happened to be the first part of the Cancer Series we answered the question "What is cancer?".
We know that it is when a cell's normal division is out of control and it grows uncontrollably in size and number and spreads in the body. You can
read part 1 here.
But cells are supposed to divide and grow, so what are the differences between a normal cell and a cancer cell? I'll try and answer that today.
There are quite a few traits or "hallmarks" if you will, that are connected to cancer. These traits are all that is needed for a normal healthy cell to become a malignant cancer cell. These are the underlying principles that are needed to create a cancer:
1. They are self-sufficient and can stimulate their own growth
Usually cells need signals that tell them to grow. A cancer cell does not need this signal, but can grow even without it.
2. They can resist signals that would normally stop their growth
Cells are not supposed to grow unless there is a signal telling it to do so. A cancer cell can ignore the signals that say "Stop growing!" and continue to grow when a normal cell would not.
3. They can resist what is called apoptosis
Apoptosis is a programmed and normal cell death that happens when cells get older. A cancer cell however can refuse apoptosis i.e. death, by ignoring the signals.
4. They can multiply without an end
Normal cells can only multiply a set number of times. Cancer cells do not have this limit and become "immortal".
5. They can stimulate the growth of blood vessels
The process by which new blood vessels are formed is called
angiogenesis and is not something that all cells can do. Cancer cells can kickstart the process and by doing so can supply themselves with nutrients through the newly formed blood vessels.
6. They can invade surrounding tissue, spread and become metastases
Normal cells can only grow until they reach another cell, but cancer cells grow beyond that and can break and invade surrounding tissue, spreading either on the site or moving through blood vessels or the lymphatic system to reach new sites where they grow.
In a simplified way: A cancer cell can grow on it's own (1) and forever (4), it can ignore signals that tells it to stop growing (2) or that tells it to die (3). At the same time cancer cells can create new blood vessels (5) and by doing so can spread to the rest of the body (6).
As always if you have any questions, please feel free to leave a comment down below! I hope you liked this part of the Cancer Series. I would love your feedback on it! Is it too complicated or too easy? Let me know!
On to the outfit...
I've worn this skirt before, but I predicted then that it would become a staple in my autumn wardrobe and it really has. I already have a handful more outfits in mind with this skirt. It's a weird fawn colour but it goes with everything! It was such a surprise to me, but I definitely enjoy coming up with new ways to wear it.
The top is from the Swedish clothing store
KappAhl, so my Scandinavian readers can find it easily. Just a breton top will do though. I was surprised with how well fawn and navy goes together. I'm also soon starting an entire collection of berets. I just love them! I want one in every colour, and
Larmoni basically has me covered.